Halogenoalkanes

Halogenoalkanes are Hydrocarbon compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an Alkane have been replaced by halogen atoms (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine or Iodine).


For example:

Naming Halogenoalkanes:

Name the longest Carbon chain as for branched chain Alkanes.

Carbon atoms bonded to halogen atoms are given the lowest possible numbers.

Halogens are named before alkyl groups :

Fluorine atom is named as Fluoro.
Chlorine atom is named as Chloro.
Bromine atom is named as Bromo.
Iodine atom is named as Iodo.

For more than one of the same Halogen:
di = 2
tri = 3
tetra = 4

For more than one type of halogen, name them alphabetically:

Bromo named before Chloro named before Fluoro named before Iodo

Physical Properties of Halogenoalkanes:

The C-Halogen bonds are polar.
The Halogenoalkanes are immiscible in water.
The bigger the chain, the higher the boiling point.
The bigger the Halogen, the higher the boiling point.
The more Halogens, the higher the boiling point.

The more reactive a Halogen, the more stable the compound it makes is.
For example, Fluorine is very reactive. Fluorobutane isn't.